A throttle is a valve that regulates the amount of air entering the engine, which indirectly controls the power or speed of the engine.
Electronic Throttle Control system has a direct current motor that manipulates the throttle valve and a sensor to measure the throttle position. The return spring restores the throttle to the so-called limp-home position in the case of a power supply failure.
Short explanation of the paper Adaptive second-order sliding mode control with barrier functions for uncertain dynamic systems: design and experimental validation (in catalan).
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